Physical guidance research: Assisting principles and supporting evidence

Athletes are often physically guided through a correct technique or action, but how effective is this method? In this chapter the authors review research that has been directed to this question, particularly, more recently, in the fields of rehabilitation and robotics. The methods which appear to show most promise for promoting learning include active assist techniques, adaptive guidance, light touch and self-scheduled guidance. The mechanisms which potentially underlie physical guidance are detailed and evaluated with respect to the research findings. Conclusions are offered regarding why and when physical guidance techniques will be of most benefit to athletes.